GLOSSARY
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{word}
{description}
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Sapphire Crystal
Watch crystal made of artificial sapphire. A sapphire crystal is highly scratch resistant due to its extreme hardness.
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Scale
Graduation on a measuring instrument, showing the divisions of a whole of values, especially on a dial, bezel. The scales mostly used in horology are related to the following measuring devices: tachometer (s.) (indicating the average speed), telemeter (s.) (indicating the distance of a simultaneously luminous and acoustic source, e.g. a cannon-shot or a thunder and related lightning), pulsometer (to calculate the total number of heartbeats per minute by counting only a certain quantity of them). For all of these scales, measuring starts at the beginning of the event concerned and stops at its end; the reading refers directly to the chronograph second hand, without requiring further calculations..
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Screw Back
Case back with thread so that it can be screwed on to the watch case.
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Screw-in Crown
Special crown which is screwed in for better security and used mainly for divers' and sports watches.
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Second Time-Zone Indicator
see GMT and World Time.
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Self-winding
see Automatic
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Setting Mechanism
By pulling out the crown the time and date can be set. The core of this complex mechanism is the cannon pinion, fitted with a special kind of coupling-clutch. This enables the watch to be set independently from the gear-train.
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Shockproof, Shock-Resistant / Absorber
Watches provided with shock-absorber systems (e.g. Incabloc) help prevent damage from shocks to the balance pivots. Thanks to a retaining spring system, it assures an elastic play of both jewels, thus absorbing the movements of the balance-staff pivots when the watch receives strong shocks. The return to the previous position is due to the return effect of the spring. If such a system is lacking, the shock forces exert an impact on the balance-staff pivots, often causing bending or even breakage.
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Skeleton, Skeletonized
Watches whose bridges and pillar-plates are cut out in a decorative manner, thus revealing all the parts of the movement.
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Slide
Part of a mechanism moving with friction on a slide-bar or guide.
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Small Second
Second display not from the centre, but by a hand in a subsidiary small dial. This type of second implies a different construction of the movement.
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Snailing
Decoration with a spiral pattern, mainly used on the barrel wheel or on big-sized full wheels.
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Sonnerie (En Passant)
Function consisting of an acoustic sound, obtained by a striking work made up of two hammers (s) striking gongs (s) at set hours, quarter- and half-hours. Some devices can emit a chime (with three or even four hammers and gongs). By a slide (s) or an additional pusher (s) it is possible to exclude the sonnerie device and to select a so-called grande sonnerie.
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Split-Second Chronograph
Chronographs with split-second mechanisms are particularly useful for timing simultaneous phenomena which begin at the same time, but end at different times, such as sporting events in which several competitors are taking part. In chronographs of this type, an additional hand is superimposed on the chronograph hand. Pressure on the pusher starts both hands, which remain superimposed as long as the split-second mechanism is not blocked. This is achieved when the split-second hand is stopped while the chronograph hand continues to move. After recording, the same pusher is pressed a second time, releasing the split-second hand, which instantly joins the still-moving chronograph hand, synchronizing with it, and is thus ready for another recording. Pressure on the return pusher brings the hands back to zero simultaneously, provided the split-second hand is not blocked. Pressure on the split pusher releases the split-second hand, which instantly joins the chronograph hand if the split-second hand happens to be blocked.
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Stainless Steel
Steel which does not get rusty and is not affected by corrosion. It is extremely resilient.
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Striking Work
see Sonnerie and Repeater.
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Subdial
see Zone.
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Super Luminova
see Luminescent.
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Sweep Second Hand
"A second hand mounted on the centre of the main dial usually ""sweeping"" the entire circumference of the dial each minute"
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Swinging Or Oscillating Weight (Rotor)
The natural movement of the arm makes the oscillating weight swing round, thus winding up the mainspring of the automatic watch.
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